HUMAN & WOMEN RIGHT AND ISLAM

In its Arabic texts, the Qur’an is considered the primary source of authority by Muslims. The Qur’an is relatively a book of 77,000 words that are divided into one hundred and fourteen chapters (Suras). A hundred and thirteen of the chapters of the Qur’an begin with an indication of book’s intent (In the name of Allah the All-Compassionate and the Ever-Merciful).

The book is largely concerned with establishing boundaries that Muslims are prohibited from transgressing. Within these boundaries the Qur’an treats human beings as equally valuable and endowed with certain rights by virtue of simply being human not taking one’s location, religion, ethnic origin, race, nation or any other status into consideration, hence Human Rights. The rights bestowed upon humans in the Qur’an include the right to life and peaceful living (as the name of the religion implied Islam which means Peace), as well as the right to own, protect and have property protected. The Qur’an also contains rights for minority to the extent of dictating how Prisoners of war ought to be treated.

In the world of today, human right has been defined as; moral principles or norms that describe certain standards of human behavior, and are regularly protect as natural and legal rights in municipal and international law. They are commonly understood as inalienable fundamental rights “to which a person is inherently entitled simply because he or she is a human being”, and which are “inherent in all human beings” regardless of their nation, location, language, religion, ethnic origin or any status. They are applicable everywhere and at every time in the sense of being universal, and they are egalitarian in the sense of being the same for everyone.

They are regarded as requiring empathy and the rule of law and imposing an obligation on persons to respect the human rights of others, and it is generally considered that they should not be taken away except as a result of due process based on specific circumstances, for example, human rights may include freedom from unlawful imprisonment, torture and execution.

EQUALITY IN ISLAMIC HUMAN RIGHT

The Qur’an states that all human are the descendants of one man Adam and are therefore brother to one another. The emphases on equality and justice in the Qur’an appear throughout the text and include one’s enemy. The duty of Muslims to be just and truthful enjoys a high priority status, in the Qur’an, and is described in the following manner, that

“O you who believe! Be maintainers o justice, bearers of witness of Allah’s sake, though it may be against your own selves’ or (your) parents’ or near relatives; if he be rich or poor, Allah is nearer to them both in compasson; therefore do not follow (your) low desires, lest you deviate; and if swerve or turn aside, then surely Allah is aware of what you do”. The Qur’an also unequivocally restricts its believers from aiding someone in need of their help only where they intend to deceive or carry out an act of aggression by stating “help one another in goodness and piety, and do not help one another in sin and aggression”. Furthermore, the Qur’an teaches its followers that treating followers of other religions justly and kindly is an article of faith.

RIGHT OF MINORITIES AND OTHER RELIGIOUS GROUPS IN ISLAMIC LAW

Although the Qur’an is the religious scripture of Islam, it prohibits Muslims from using any method of compulsion to influence the religious practices, and beliefs. The Qur’an goes even further in protecting the rights of the followers of other faiths by obligating Muslims to protect al “cloisters and churches and synagogues and mosques in which God’s name is remembered”. In relation to different ethnic, cultural and religious groups the Qur’an tell Muslims “for every one of you did We appoint a law and a way, and if Allah had pleased He would have made you (all) a single people, but that He might try you in what He gave you, therefore strive with one another to hasten to virtuous deeds”. The Qur’an advocates equality between all and says that the only good deeds may raise the status of one human over another.

WOMEN’S RIGHTS IN ISLAM

If the world will be just and fair to women, it shall ask them to abide by the Islamic laws upon them despite their religion belief, race or nation. It is known to every human of history that, before the emergence of the religion of Islam; women are being buried and killed alive for they are not loved by the then men (their male-parent), this is because they were regarding them as liability to their lives and weak in other ways, but Islam came and freed women from all tortures and covered them physically, mentally and spiritually.

With regards to women’s right, the Qur’an dedicates one whole chapter of its one-hundred and fourteen chapters to women which is evident from the very name of the chapter, Women (An-Nisa). The Qur’an in that chapter states that whoever does good deed, whether they are male or female, shall enter Paradise and not the least bit of injustice shall be dealt to them. The same message is repeated in chapter sixteen “Whoever does good whether male or female and he is a believer, We will most certainly make live a happy life, and We will most certainly give them their reward of the best of what they did”. The ability of women to bear children is a significant attribute used by the Qur’an in a number of verses to uplift the status of women. One such chapter state “And give women their dowries as a free gift, but if they of themselves be pleased to give up to you a portion of it, then eat it with enjoyment and with wholesome result”.

Women have also being given the right to inherit in the Qur’an. The Qur’an in one particular verse creates an additional obligation on men to provide, protect and generally take care of women as their guardians and not as superiors. Perhaps the most valued status, with regards to women, is that of a mother in the Qur’an as it illustrates this point by binding the reward of paradise to those who satisfy the needs of their parents.

In conclusion women have the best and gained the highest right in Islam beyond every other service. They were asked to cover their bodies so as to avoid increase in fornication and rape (the number one problem in the world today), but we are cultivating the result of women nakedness (which became sort of fashion and style) in our lives today, which if the women of the world would only accept the law given by Islam to covering up their bodies and avoid nakedness, we will in a year solve 90% of the global rape cases.

TRY IT AND SEE!

H.A Fagge

#thewinnershub

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FEMALE ENTREPRENEURS

Make your desire of success greater than your fear of failure

(For female entrepreneurs (most especially in Nigeria)) 

Entrepreneurship has traditionally been defined as the process of designing, launching and running a new business, which typically begins as a small business, such as a startup company, offering a product, process or service for sale or hire. It has been defined as the “Capacity and willingness to develop, organize and manage a business venture along with any of its risks in order to make a profit. An entrepreneur is typically in control of a commercial undertaking, directing the factors of production – the human, financial and material resources – that are required to exploit business opportunity. 

They act as the manager and oversee the launch and growth of an enterprise. Women became more involved in the business world only when the idea of women in business became palatable to the general public. Before the 20th century, female operated small businesses as a way of supplementing their income. In many cases, they were trying to avoid poverty or were replacing the income from loss of a spouse. At that time, the ventures that these women undertook were not thought of as entrepreneurial. Many of them had to focus on their domestic responsibilities. The term entrepreneur is used to describe individuals who have ideas for products and/or services that they turn into a working business. In earlier times, this term was reserved for men. 

 Home-based businesses helped to solve a good part of most problems for those women who worried about being mothers. One Lillian Vernon, while pregnant with her first child, started her own business dealing with catalogs by investing money from wedding gifts and started filling orders right at her kitchen table. Mary Crowley founded Home Decorating and Interiors as a way of helping women to work from home by throwing parties to sell the products right in the comfort of their own home. In an effort to avoid criticism and lost business from those who did not support women in business, Bette Nesmith, who developed the product “Mistake Out,” a liquid that painted over mistakes in typing, would sign her order B. Smith so no one would know she was a female. Studies have shown that successful female entrepreneurs start their businesses as a second or third profession. Because of their previous careers, female entrepreneurs enter the business world later on in life, around 40-60 years old. According to the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor report, “women are nearly one-third more likely to start business out of necessity than men.” Because women are overtaking their male peers in the level of education obtained, the average self-employment rate for women under 25 years old in OECD countries is 7.2%. 

 "In the grab for power, women use whatever means available to them, whereas a man would take a club to his opponents head, a woman is more likely use other less forceful and more subversive measures. Let's just own it, we have different weapons in our arsenal." Female entrepreneurs make up for approximately 1/3 of all entrepreneurs globally. According to one study, in 2012 there was an approximate 126 million women that were either starting or already running new businesses in various economies all over the world. As far as those who were already established, there was an approximate 98 million. Not only are these women running or starting their own businesses but they are also employing others, so that they are participating in the growth of their respective economies. A study in India entitled "Barriers of Women Entrepreneurs: A Study in Bangalore Urban District", has concluded that despite all these constraints, successful female entrepreneurs do exist. Female entrepreneurs have evidently more to ‘acquire’ than their male counterparts. But, the socio-cultural environment in which women are born and raised hinders them. Social customs, caste restrictions, culture restraints, and norms leave women lagging behind men. 

PRESENT CHALLENGES ON BEING A FEMALE ENTREPRENEUR 

Even though female entrepreneurship and the formation of female-owned business networks is steadily rising, there are a number of challenges and obstacles that female entrepreneurs face. One major challenge that many female entrepreneurs face is the effect that the traditional gender-roles society may still have on women. Entrepreneurship is still considered as a male-dominated field, and it may be difficult to surpass these conventional views. Other than dealing with the dominant stereotype, female entrepreneurs are facing several obstacles related to their businesses. Obstacles specific to starting new firms External finance and sex discrimination. In general, women have lower personal financial assets than men. This means that for a given opportunity and equally capable individual, women must secure additional resources compared to men in order to exploit the opportunity; because, they control less capital. The question of whether women have a harder time getting finance than men for the same business opportunity has developed into its own sub-field. One possible issue in raising outside capital is that 96% of senior venture capitalists are men and may not be as understanding of female-centric businesses. However, the situation seems to be improving. 

A study by Babson College showed that in 1999, fewer than 5% of venture capital investments went to companies with a woman on the executive team. In 2011, it was 9% and in 2013 it had jumped to 18%. A specific solution for solving women's difficulties for obtaining financing has been micro-financing. Microfinance is a financial institution that has become exceptionally popular, especially in developing economies. Female entrepreneurs have also been especially successful in getting funded through crowdfunding platforms like Kickstarter. Obstacles to managing a small firm Studies on female entrepreneurs show that women have to cope with stereotypical attitudes towards them on a daily basis. Business relations—from customers to suppliers and banks—constantly remind the entrepreneur that she is different, sometimes in a positive way such as by praising her for being a successful entrepreneur even though she is a woman. Employees tend to mix the perceptions of the manager with their images of female role models, leading to mixed expectations on a female manager to be a manager as well as a "mother". 

The workload associated with being a small business manager is also not easily combined with taking care of children and a family. However, even if the revenues are somewhat smaller, female entrepreneurs feel more in control and happier with their situation than if they worked as an employee. Female entrepreneurship has been recognized as an important source of economic growth. Female entrepreneurs create new jobs for themselves and others and also provide society with different solutions to management, organisation, and business problems. However, they still represent a minority of all entrepreneurs. Female entrepreneurs often face gender-based barriers to starting and growing their businesses, like discriminatory property; matrimonial and inheritance laws, and/or cultural practices; lack of access to formal finance mechanisms; limited mobility and access to information and networks, etc. A woman's entrepreneurship can make a particularly strong contribution to the economic well-being of the family and communities, poverty reduction and women's empowerment, thus contributing to the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). 

Thus, governments across the world, as well as various developmental organizations, are actively undertaking the promotion of female entrepreneurs through various schemes, incentives and promotional measures. Female entrepreneurs in the four southern states and Maharashtra account for over 50% of all women-led small-scale industrial units in India Obstacles to growing firms A specific problem of female entrepreneurs seems to be their inability to achieve growth, especially sales growth. Another issue is finance and, as stated previously, the entrepreneurial process is somewhat dependent on initial conditions. In other words, as women often have a difficult time assembling external resources, they start as less ambitious firms that can be financed to a greater degree by their own available resources. This also has consequences for the future growth of the firm. 

Basically, firms with more resources at start-up have a higher probability to grow than firms with fewer resources. Resources include the following: societal position, human resources, and financial resources. This initial endowment in the firm is of great importance for firm survival and especially for firm growth. A study by the Kauffman Foundation of 570 high-tech firms started in 2004 showed that women-owned firms were more likely to be organized as sole proprietorships, both during their startup year and in the years to follow. Female entrepreneurs were also much more likely to start their firms out of their homes and were less likely to have employees. This fact may serve as an indication that women either anticipated having smaller firms or were operating under resource constraints that did not allow them to launch firms requiring more assets, employees, or financial resources. This study also found that women only raised 70% of the amount that men raised to start their firms, which ultimately impacted their ability to introduce new products and services or expand their business in terms of employees or geographic locations. Other problems that are facing female entrepreneurs is how they are handling their decision-making models and stressful situations. Women compared with men are more susceptible to be influenced by their feelings than men when they have to make decisions. Also women have more likelihood of stress than men in difficult situations, without this mean that women are "weak sex". Despite the fact that many female entrepreneurs face growth barriers, they are still able to achieve substantial firm growth. There are examples of these both in a number of developing economies (Ethiopia, Tanzania, and Zambia) surveyed by the ILO, as well as in more developed economies such as the United States. 

REASONS FOR STARTING A FIRM BY A WOMAN

Many studies show that women start their own businesses for a variety of reasons. These reasons include the following: having an idea for a business plan, having passion for solving a specifically related career problem, wanting to be more in control of their careers, maintaining a more balanced life, having a flexible work schedule, and taking a personal vision and turning it into a lucrative business. Along with the intense desire to see their vision carried out, these women also have a great ability to multi-task and never feared the risks involved in being self-employed. Women are still facing many issues in the workforce, and being their own boss certainly is more appealing to some of the everyday issues they face outside of entrepreneurship. Gender roles are still very much a part of their lives, but for some female entrepreneurs, they feel more in control when working for themselves. No matter what your reason is, the time to becoming an entrepreneur is now! 

ENCOURAGEMENT

 In 1993, "Take Our Daughters To Work Day" was popularized to support career exploration for girls, and later expanded to Take Our Daughters and Sons to Work Day. Hillary Clinton stated that "Investing in women is not only the right thing to do, but also the smart thing to do." Research shows that there are many support groups for women in business, for female entrepreneurs, and for women looking for business advice. Women in different areas are willing to show the support that in some cases, they never had. They offer encouragement, advice, and support to moms who seek to provide for their families through their own visions for business. HerCorner, is a group located in Washington, D.C. This groups seeks to bring women business owners together to collaborate with each other for the betterment of their businesses. There are government backed programs available to female entrepreneurs and information can be found on their website at SBA Online and their Facebook group SBAgov. Female-only taxi companies in India, the UAE, and Brazil support working women. One example of successful female entrepreneurship in rural villages of Bangladesh is the Infolady Social Entrepreneurship Programme (ISEP). Norway celebrates Female Entrepreneur of the Year. 

When will I hear from your firm? Why Not Start Your Firm Today? YES! You can do it, just by making your desire of success greater than your fear of failure. 

Hamza Ahmad Fagge From 

#thewinnershub2018

ZAMA CIKIN SHIRI

KO YAUSHE KA KASANCE CIKIN SHIRI

Labarin ya fara ne watanni hudu kafin shekara ta 2018, a lokacin da na yanke shawarar barin wurin aikin da nake aiki dasu domin komawa wani wurin daban. Dalilai ne masu tarin yawa a wurina da suka sanya na kudurce canjin wurin aikin.

Na yunkara na kuma gama shiri tsaf dan samarwa da kaina wannan canjin, domin kuwa har naje na tattauna da mamallakin wannan sabon wurin da zan koma, sabo ne a wurina kuma sabo ne aikace, da shi kuma ina hangen nasarata a wurin. Sai dai abinda na kasa fahimta shine; ban fa kasance cikin shiri ba kafin bayyanar da wannan kudurin daga kwakwalwata, zuciya zuwa gabbai domin aikatawa.

Zan iya farawa da rashin cikakken yanci a matsayina na ma’aikaci ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kara angiza ni da kara min kaimin son canjin wurin aikin.

Na kasance mutum mai kyamar zargi, musamman akan abinda banyi ba kuma bani da ra’ayin aikata shi. Wannan ma wani abu ne da yasa na kuma kyamar tsohon wurin aikina a lokacin, dan akwai wadanda ke cuso zarge-zarge akan kowane ma’aikaci, ko da ya kasance yana aikata abin ko baiyi, sun dai yadda cewar sune masu gaskiya kuma ababen gaskatawa.

Sana’ata itace samar da shafin yanar gizo da bunkasashi (Web Design and Development) zane mai isar da sako (Graphic & Logo Design), rubuce-rubuce da gudanarwar na’ura mai kwakwalwa (Data Processing), gyara hotuna da hadawa (Photo Editing) da kuma sauran abubuwa masu alaka da wannan na’ura mai kwakwalwa.

Babban abin mamaki da kuma abinda yake bani takaici shine, kasancewar a cikin kunshin ayyukan da na lissafa a sama kadan nake aiwatarwa a wurin da nake a lokacin sakamakon su ma basu da kayyaki da kuma yanayin da ake bukata wajen da yawa daga ayyukan. Dan haka ne sai naga mai zaisa ga shi Allah Yayi min baiwa sanin fannoni da yawa amma na takaita a mafi karancin fannonin.

Da farko nayi yunkurin na zama mai aikin zaman kaina, wato nine mai gidan kaina, sai kuma na hangi abinda ka iya zuwa yazo a nawa tunanin, kamar rashin wadataccen jari, rashin isassun abokan ciniki, rashin kayan aiki da dai sauran matsaloli da kuma bukatu da suke tasowa a ma’aikatun dake amfani da na’ura mai kwakwalwa.

Sai dai kash! Rashin kasancewata cikin shiri da yunkurin yin abinnan da Bahaushe ke ce “Dare daya Allah kanyi Bature” amma ni nawa ba dare dayan yin kudi bane ko siyan babur ko mota, sai dai dare daya ne na bayyanar da fikirorina da kuma kwadayin nunawa ‘yan uwana matasa irin sana’ata domin su samu hanyar dogaro da kansu ko mai kankantarta, dan ina matukar kyamar dogaro kai tsaye da aikin gwamnati a kowane mataki.

Hakan ya sanya bayan wani dan lokaci da canjin wurin aikina, sai gani na wayi gari da tsintar kaina tsohon wurin aikin da na yiwa tawaye a baya, dalilin komarwa shine dai rashin zama cikin shirin domin kuwa ban shiryawa canjin komai ba face kwarin gwiwa da hangen samun nasara.

Hangen samun nasara tabbas abune mai sanya karsashi da bada gagarimin kwarin gwiwa wanda ka iya sanya makaho wasa a bakin rijiya.

A tunanina idan mutum (musamman matashi) ya kasance yana da wasu fikirori a cikin al’umma kamata yayi da farko dai ya zama abin alfahari, sannan kuma ayi kokarin samun hanyoyi da za a amfana da wannan fikira ko fikirori nashi domin amfanin ‘yan baya da kuma jama’ar wannan lokacin.

Dalilan da nake ganin sun kawowa manyan kasashe cigaba kenan da kuma saurin bunkasa a lokaci kadan, domin yadda da sukayi da cewa daukan masu fikira a cikin matasansu shine abun da zai taimaka masu matuka ta bangaren fatattakar zaman kawai, da rage dogaro da gwamnatoci wajen samun ayyukanyi.

Mai yasa zamu yarda mu koyar da kanmu lalaci da son jin dadin da bamu muka gina ba, lallai wannan shine yake sadar damu zuwa ga mafi yawan matsalolin da suka addabemu a wannan zamanin kamarsu; kwace, sane, fashi da makami, shaye-shayen miyagun kwayoyi wanda yanzu yake neman zama gidan kowa baga mata ba, ba kuma baga maza ba, wanda yayi mummunan rinjaye a cikin matasa.

Shin dukkan matasa ne dake shan kwayoyi ke da bukatar zuwa gidan gyaran tarbiyya? Shin mun taba damuwa da jin dalilan da suka jefa mafi yawan matasa cikin wannan halin? Na san dai mafi yawa mukan samarwa kanmu da wata amsa dake cewa abokai ne suka jefa ‘ya’yanmu, to su abokan waye ya jefa su? Shin tsakanin talauci, jahilci da rashin aiki wane ne ka iya jefa mutum cikin munanan hanyoyi?

Ya kamata mu nemi amsoshi wadannan tambayoyin.

Kamar jan irin wadannan matasa a jiki zai iya bayarda gudummawa matuka, domin ban manta ba ni ganau ne akan wani abu da ya faru tsakanin wani uba da dansa da ya afkawa wannan mummunar dabi’a.

Ya kasance kamar yadda aka fi sani yana da abokai masu irin wannan hali na shaye-shaye har shima ya kamu tun yana yi a boye har abu ya fito fili, hakanne ya tayarwa da mahaifin hankali da ganin babban dansa ya shiga wannan yanayi sannan ga darajarsa da jama’ar yankin ke gani. Anyita bashi shawarwari daban-daban, sai dai yayi dogon nazari tare da daukar shawarar wani mai kaifin hankali a cikin abokanshi kuma ma amininshi, wanda ya shawarceshi da ya ja wannan dan a jiki, ya kuma zama mai tukin motarshi tunda ya kamala karatu bai da aiki kuma; hakan kuwa akayi duk inda zaije suna tare, sannan ya ware musu lokaci domin halartar majalisun ilimin addini, cikin ikon Allah da sauran yunkuri daga iyayen wannan matashin yanzu haka ya bari kwata-kwata.

To mai zai hana kaima/kema ku jarraba irin wannan ko wasu kyawawan hanyoyi akan ‘ya’yanku da suka kangare a maimaikon gudunsu da kyararsu (amma sai idan mun kiyaye shagwabantarwa).

Haba dan uwana matashi, har sai anyi ta fama dakai akan barin shan kayan maye, kai da kake dan musulmi kuma musulmi gaba-da-baya, ga shi Ubanginka ma ya baka damarmaki da yawa dan idan ka fada tarkon shaidan ta wadannan hanyoyi ka samu tsira kamar dai yin azumi na wata guda a Ramadan, to idan har zaka iya zama wata guda kwanaki Talatin ko Ashirin da Tara ba tare da kayan maye ba ai zaka iya shanye tsawon rayuwarka ba tare da su ba.

Yanzu dan uwa idan ka kai shekarun aure ka haifi ‘danka/ki, shin zai faranta maka ace ga wancan mahaifinshi mai shan kayan maye ne; na san tabbas baza ka so hakan ba, sannan shima dan bazai so ba, karshe ma ya rika kallon ka cutar dashi.

Idan kace sai ka kara shekaru ko kayi aure sannan ka daina; waye ya tabbatar ma da zaka kara dakika guda kana numfashi, waye ya yardarma da zaka kai lokacin yin auren, kai dai zama cikin shiri ko yaushe abokina.

Tabbas zamanka cikin shiri shine kadai mafitarka, tunda idan ka waiwaya a danginka zaka kakanninka da suke kwance a kushewa sunfi wadanda ke raye nan duniya yawa, to yaya kake da tabbas din zaka kai wani lokaci mai tsawo a raye.

Ilimin addinin musulunci shine ginshiki na rayuwa kuma shine ilimin da ake cewa gishirin zaman duniya ko munki ko munso, ba kamar yadda a wannan zamanin muka dauka ba ilimin neman duniya shine komai, wai har idan anyiwa mutum magana akan yadda ya dauki ilimin addinin ‘ya’yanshi dama nashi sai yace ai da na bokonma zaka iya neman lahira.

Bamu ce baza ka iya ba, amma bazaka iya koyon sallah, azumi, hajji da sauran sassan addini a can ba, ka ga kuwa ashe da sauran gyara. Wani abin takaici wai nag a wata daliba da take a wata makarantar Islamiyya a wata unguwa da tai laifi malami ya hukuntata sai ga mahaifiyarta ta shigo da fada da maganganu marasa dadi wai an daki ‘yarta har tana fadin ai ba dole bane karatun, hmmm! Haka kuma an aika karvar kudin da ake kira Kudin Laraba sai naji iyayen na fadin wai ba aikin Allah malaman suke ba, anya kuwa wannan ilimin zai yiwa ‘ya’yan amfanin da ake bukata ko kuma dai kawai kun aika sune dan kar ace suna ‘ya’yan musulmi basu zuwa neman ilimin addinin.

Dolenmu ne ‘ya’ya da iyaye mu zama cikin shiri a dukkan lamuranmu tunda munsan bamu da tabbas idan ma muna raye akwai tsufa ko kuma rashin cikar buri wadanda dukkansu abubuwa ne zasu iya kawo mana cikas a rayuwarmu ta yau da kullum ko mun sani ko bamu sani ba. Aikin dai namu ne dukanmu sai mun yarda da cewar dukkan ‘ya’ya namu ne babu wata wariya ko bambanci domin wata ranar ba dan da mukai raino bane zai amfanemu

Matsalolin sun fi karfin a fade su a rubutu daya, amma suna nan da yawa a sauran rubuce-rubucenmu a wannan shafi domin bayarda gudummawa ta fuskar da zamu iya.

Hamza Ahmad Fagge

Gabatarwa